企业管理人员工作压力量表的编制及应用

目的根据企业管理人员在企业发展中的特殊地位和可能存在的压力及其影响因素确定其工作压力源，并对不同个人背景的工作压力源进行比较，找出其差异特征。方法使用自编企业管理人员工作压力量表对天津市内8个企业的146名高层、中层和基层管理者进行测试。结果①企业管理人员工作压力量表包含3个维度：工作负荷、职场氛围、职场人际关系，该量表信效度良好，符合心理测量学的要求。②单因素分析表明，企业管理人员在年龄、不同年龄段的工作年限、学历、单位性质的人口统计学变量上存在着不同的差异。③多元回归分析表明，单位性质、工作年限、年龄、学历4个变量，对企业管理人员工作压力各维度及总体压力有不同程度的影响。结论企业管理人员的工作压力主要来源于工作负荷量、职场氛围、人际关系的困扰；在不同单位性质、工作年限等个人背景上，其工作压力存在着差异；单位性质、工作年限、年龄、学历是影响企业管理人员工作压力的主要影响因素。

Establishment and Application of Work Stress Scale for Enterprise Managers

Objective] To indentify the enterprise managers＇work stress source based on their special positions in the enterprise and the potential stress and its influencing factors, to compare the work stress sources of people with different background, and identify the difference features. Methods]The self-designed work stress scale for enterprise managers was adopted to test 146 upper, middle and grass-roots managers from 8 enterprises in Tianjin. Results] （1）The work stress scale for enterprise managers contains 3 dimensions： workload, work environment, workplace relationships, the scale had good reliability and validity, and was in line with the requirements of psychometrics. （2） Single factor analysis showed that differences existed between different managers in terms of age, service length of managers in different age groups, educational background, the nature of the demographic variables units. （3）Muhiple regression analysis showed that the nature of units, service length, age, educational background had effect on the various dimensions of enterprise managers work stress in various degrees. Conclusion ] Working pressure of enterprise managers mainly comes from workload, workplace atmosphere, and interpersonal relationship obsession; the difference of work pressure existed between people in units with different nature, or with different background such as service length ; the major influencing factors of enterprise managers work stress are nature of units, service length, age, educational background.