医务人员血源性传播疾病职业暴露的危险因素与防护

目的：探讨医务人员血源性传播疾病的职业暴露的危险因素和预防措施。方法：对2007年1～12月全院54名发生血源性传播疾病职业暴露的医务人员进行问卷调查。结果：职业暴露发生率从高到低依次为麻醉师4．9％、护士4．1％、检验人员2．3％、医师1．0％。职业暴露人员中48．1％是工龄≤3年的医务人员；锐器伤占90．7％；暴露原因占前四位的是操作不规范或不谨慎、锐器未放置锐器盒、回套针头、患者突然移动。结论：加强职业安全教育，严格执行标准预防，注重患者心理辅导是预防医务人员职业暴露的关键。

Risk factors and prevention of professional exposure to blood-transmitted diseases among medical staff

Objectives： To investigate the risk factors of professional exposure to blood- transmitted diseases among medical staff and explore the preventive strategies. Methods： Some information from 54 medical staff with professional exposure to blood-transmitted diseases in 2007 was collected. Results： The general incidence of professional exposure rate was 4.9%, 4.1%, 2.3% and 1.0% for anesthetist, nurse, laboratory staffs and clinical doctors, respectively. 48.1% cases worked less than 3 years, and 90.7% cases were sharp injuries. Un-standardization or careless practice, unreasonable use of sharp container, replacement needle sheath after use and sudden movement in patients were the four major reasons. Conclusions： It is critical to intensify the professional safety training, take standard prevention measures and pay more attention to patients＇ psychological consultation.