病区常用物品细菌污染状况调查分析及对策

目的：探讨病区患者使用的药杯、开水瓶口及开水瓶塞的细菌污染状况及切实可行的消毒方法,以达到控制和预防医院感染的目的。方法：对我院内科患者正在使用的药杯200个、开水瓶塞150个及开水瓶口150个进行细菌检测,检测后药杯及开水瓶塞用消毒碗柜紫外线消毒30 min,开水瓶口用开水冲洗1 s作消毒,消毒后作细菌检测,并对消毒前后上述物品的细菌菌落数进行统计学处理。结果：药杯、开水瓶木塞及开水瓶口消毒前的细菌污染严重,所检出的细菌种类大多数能够使住院患者发生医院感染的危险;三种物品消毒前后的细菌菌落数比较,均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：药杯、开水瓶能够引发医院感染的危险,为了有效控制和预防医院感染的发生,笔者建议,①患者使用的药杯,有条件的选用一次性,要重复使用的,在住院期间专人专用,每天服药后用消毒碗柜紫外线消毒30 min以上。②开水瓶塞每天用消毒碗柜紫外线消毒30 min以上,倒开水时要先用开水冲冼开水瓶口。③定期进行药杯及开水瓶塞的细菌检测及记录。④提高医护人员及患者对药杯及开水瓶塞等病区常用物品污染严重性的认识,加强对预防医院感染的知识培训,有效防止医院感染的发生。

Investigation on bacterial contamination of materials in ward and the countermeasures

Objective：To investigate the bacterial contamination situation of medicine cup,thermos bottle and thermos plug for patients in endemic area,and explore practical sterilization ways and ways to achieve the control and prevention of nosocomial infection.Methods：Patients were using the 200 medicine cups,150 thermos bottles and thermos plugs in use were tested for bacterila contamination,then the medicine cups and thermos plugs were sterilized for 30 min in UV disin-fection cabinet,thermos bottle washed 1 s with boiling water.After the sterilization,bacterial detection was made.The number of bacterial clonies detected before and after sterilization was statistically analyzed.Results：Medicine cups,ther-mos bottles and thermos plugs were seriously contaminated,which in majority would lead to nosocomial infection;the re-sults were significantly difference（P0.01）.Conclusion：Medicine cups,thermos bottles will increase the risks of nosoco-mial infection,in order to effectively control and prevent nosocomial infections,we suggest that,①use disposable medicine cups,if not,sterilize them in UV Disinfection cabinet after use.②place thermos plugs in UV Disinfection cabinet more than 30 min for sterilization,and pour boiling water to the plug before each use.③regularly detect and record the bacterial contamination of medicine cups and thermos plugs.④improve the patients′ and medical care personnels′ awareness of the contamination of materials used in ward,strengthen the prevention training for nosocomial infections,and effectively pre-vent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.