Hardness and Density Distributions of Pharmaceutical Tablets Measured by Terahertz Pulsed Imaging |
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| Authors: | Robert K. May Ke Su Lianghao Han Shuncong Zhong James A. Elliott Lynn F. Gladden Mike Evans Yaochun Shen J. Axel Zeitler |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK;2. Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK;3. Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK;4. TeraView Ltd., St John''s Innovation Park, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK |
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| Abstract: | We present terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) as a novel tool to quantify the hardness and surface density distribution of pharmaceutical tablets. Good agreement between the surface refractive index (SRI) measured by TPI and the crushing force measured from diametral compression tests was found using a set of tablets that were compacted at various compression forces. We also found a strong correlation between TPI results and tablet bulk density, and how these relate to tablet hardness. Numerical simulations of tablet surface density distribution by finite element analysis exhibit excellent agreement with the TPI measured SRI maps. These results show that TPI has an advantage over traditional diametral compression and is more suitable for nondestructive hardness and density distribution monitoring and control of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 102:2179–2186, 2013 |
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