3'-H-phosphonate synthesis of chiral benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts at N(2) of deoxyguanosine in oligonucleotides

A synthetic route to oligonucleotides containing N(2)-deoxyguanosine adducts at C-10 of the enantiomeric 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxides of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzoa]pyrene in which the epoxide oxygen and the 7-hydroxyl group are trans is described. The present adducts result from the trans addition of N(2) of deoxyguanosine to the epoxide at C-10. Our synthesis proceeds via preparation of the 3'-H-phosphonate of a suitably protected deoxyguanosine N(2)-adduct. The blocking groups consisted of O(6)-allyl on the deoxyguanosine, acetates on the 7-, 8-, and 9-hydroxyl groups of the hydrocarbon moiety, and dimethoxytrityl on the 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. These blocking groups are well suited to oligonucleotide synthesis on solid supports. The free 3'-hydroxyl group of this nucleoside adduct was readily converted to its 3'-H-phosphonate with diphenyl phosphite in pyridine in high yield for both the 10R and 10S isomers. For synthesis of oligonucleotides, the first several nucleotides were incorporated onto the solid support with an automated synthesizer using standard phosphoramidite chemistry. The adducted deoxyguanilic acid residue was introduced as the H-phosphonate in a manual step (80% yield), followed by completion of the sequence on the synthesizer. Although a 10-fold excess of the 3'-H-phosphonate was used in the manual coupling step, as much as 70% of the reactant could be recovered. The 3'-H-phosphonate of the protected 10S nucleoside adduct was converted to the unblocked nucleotide adduct, various salts of which failed to form crystals suitable for X-ray analysis. Although submilligram quantities of this compound have been formed as mixed diastereomers by direct reaction of deoxyguanylic acid with racemic diol epoxide, the present study represents the first actual synthesis of the major DNA adduct formed from benzoa]pyrene in mammals as its 3'-phosphate.