小儿外科发展简史、特点和四川省小儿外科现状与展望

小儿外科作为一个年轻的临床专业,于第一次世界大战以后开始成为一个独立的学科,第二次世界大战之后,逐渐普及,并迅速发展。中国的小儿外科则是在新中国建立以后创建,在改革开放以后得到迅速发展。小儿不是成人的缩影,需要根据不同特点确定处理原则和方法。现在小儿外科服务范围包括从胎儿期到18周岁之内人群中的所有外科疾病患者,其中先天性畸形占相当大的比例,而许多需要及早发现、适时治疗,治疗的时机直接关系到疾病的预后。四川省的小儿外科在80年代后开始迅速发展,目前已从最初的少数几个中心,发展出多个中心,共同推动了治疗水平的提高。目前四川的社会经济发展需要组建更多、更高水平的妇儿中心,现在已出现可喜趋势。

Brief History, professional characteristics of the pediatric surgery and current situation of the pediatric surgery in sichuan province

Pediatric surgery is a young clinical subject which had become an independent profession since the First World War, and grown popularity rapidly after the Second World War. Start of the pediatric surgery in China was in 1950th, and got development rapidly after the 1980th. Children are traits in physiology and anatomy from adult. Due to the distinction, treatment principle and method of diagnosis and therapy should been made according to different personal and morbid feature in pediatric surgery. At present, the surgical patients from fetal period to 18 years old belong to area of pediatric surgery specialization. It is important to treat congenital malformation in pediatric surgery, early detection and proper treatment of the deformities directly related to the prognosis. Pediatric surgery in Sichuan province began rapid development also since 1980 th. Now many pediatric medicine centers in Sichuan have been set up to work for children, which will be beneficial to promote the level of the pediatric surgery.