50例输入性疟疾病例流行病学特征及治疗效果分析

目的系统地分析本地区输入性疟疾病例特点,为今后有效预防和治疗病例提供理论依据,并为下一步开展健康教育提供针对性的意见。方法采用回顾性流行病学方法,利用个案调查表分析患者的一般资料、流行病学特征、临床表现、实验室指标、药物治疗方法及疗效。结果本地区输入性病例呈逐年上升的态势,患者均为中青年低文化程度的外出务工男性。临床症状表现各异,大多有乏力、头痛、恶心、腹泻等症状。实验室检测主要特点为白细胞总数及中性粒细胞比值升高,红细胞、血红蛋白及血小板数下降,肝肾功能异常。不同治疗方案中青蒿素＋氯/伯喹联合治疗有效率最高（100%）,各方案治疗有效率、严重副作用发生率、病程差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,采用单一青蒿素治疗的患者平均病程低于其他治疗方案的病程。结论提高镜检能力、正确诊断、积极治疗、合理用药是确保输入性疟疾病例病情得到有效控制和治愈的根本。加强对外出务工人员疟疾相关知识的健康宣传教育,有效地采取服药、防蚊等预防性措施,提高该人群对该病的认识也是降低输入性疟疾发病率的重要举措。

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Treatment Effect of 50 Cases of Imported Malaria

Objective To make a systematic analysis of the regional characteristics of imported malaria cases,to provide a theoretical basis for effective prevention and treatment of the disease,and to put forward targeted advice for conducting health education. Methods Retrospective epidemiological method was used to analyze the patients’ general information,epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory indexes,drug treatment method and the curative effects collected on the individual questionnaire. Results The regional imported case showed an upward trend year after year,and the patients were young migrant male workers with low educational background.Clinical manifestations varied,including fatigue,headache,nausea,diarrhea and other symptoms.Laboratory testing showed that leukocyte count and neutrophil ratio were increased,while red blood cell,hemoglobin and platelet count were decreased,with liver and kidney dysfunction.Among the different treatment regimens,the effective rate of artemisinin combined with primaquine was the highest(100%),and there were statistically significant differences in the effective rate,the incidence rate of severe side-effects,and the duration of the disease among the regimens(P<0.5).The average duration of the disease in the patients treated with single artemisinin was lower than those of the patients received other regimens. Conclusions Improvement of microscopic examination ability,correct diagnosis,active treatment,and rational use of drugs are essential to ensuring the effective control and cure of the imported malaria cases.Strengthening propaganda and education about malaria knowledge,taking medication effectively,adopting anti-mosquito and other preventive measures,and improving the awareness of the disease in the migrant workers are the important measures to reduce the incidence rate of imported malaria.