护士心理健康状况的调查分析

目的]研究护士心理健康的状况。方法]采用症状自评量表（SCL-90），用整群抽样的方法抽取护龄1年以上的护士711人，其中急诊科护士158名，内科护士213名，外科护士193名，手术室护士147名，以商场营业员725人为对照，进行问卷调查。结果]护士组躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、焦虑、敌对及总因子得分分别为1．78±0．44、1．87±0．58、1．78±0．43、1．51±0．40、1．64±0．41及1．57±0．38，高于对照组的相应因子得分1．54±0．46，1．67±0．50、1．55±0．50、1．36±0．35、1．57±0．40及1．50±0．37，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；不同科室护士心理状况不尽相同，急诊科护士心理问题最为突出，其次为内科护士，因子得分（除偏执）均高于其他科室护士（P〈0．01），外科与手术室护士心理健康状态差异无统计学意义；工龄较长的护士主要心理问题为：躯体化、抑郁和焦虑；工龄较短的护士主要心理问题为：恐怖。结论]躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、焦虑、敌对是护士最主要的心理问题，急诊科护士更为严重，不同工龄对心理问题的影响表现不同。

Study on Psychological Health of Nurses

Objective ] To investigate mental health status of nurses. Methods ] 711 nurses were divided into 4 groups （ 158 nurses work in emergency department, 213 work in medical department, 193 work in surgical department, and 147 work in operation room ）, and were evaluated by SCL-90 questionnaire, with 725 saleswomen as control. Results ] In this investigation, the average scores of somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety, hostility and total means were 1.78 ± 0.44, 1.87 ± 0.58, 1.78 ± 0.43, 1.51 ± 0.40, 1.64 ± 0.41 and 1.57 ± 0.38 in nurses group, which were all higher than those in control （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The difference of mental health status were significant（ except obsession factor ）（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The severity of mental health problem was in the following order： nurse in emergency department 〉 in medical department 〉 other groups. There was no significant difference of mental status between nurses working in surgical department and operating room. The main psychological problems in nurses who have longer working years were dumps and compulsion, while in nurses with shorter working years were terror. Conclusion ] The main mental health problem of nurses were somatization, obsession, anxiety and hostility, especially work in emergency department. The duration of service also can affect the mental health status.