金匮要略学科基本结构及其教学应用探索

为探索建立《金匮要略》课程学科基本结构,应用布鲁纳的学科基本结构理论思想为指导,分析、借鉴《伤寒论》、温病学以及临床各科基本结构的特点,以《金匮要略》显性知识为基础,研究该书辨证论治临床决策思维过程,结果认为《金匮要略》课程学科基本结构为“表里-气水血-虚实”的辨证结构与治未病、策略选择的论治结构,并将其应用于该学科的教学实践,明确其《伤寒论》、临床各科学科结构之间的关系。这是一个探索性的创新性的结论,无论对于推动该学科教学改革,为提高学生主动发现学习能力、便于课程编制螺旋式互动以及课程评价与学校教学相链接提供学科内容的支撑,还是促进该学科基础与临床研究、促进辨证论治体系与历史研究,无疑均具有重大意义。

Exploration on the Basic Structure of Synopsis of Golden Chamber and Its Teaching Application

To explore and establish the course structure of the Synopsis of Golden Chamber,Bruner’s Constructivist Theory was referenced to guide the analysis of the characteristics of Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases,Seasonal Febrile Diseases and other clinical courses.Working on the explicit knowledge in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber,the clinical decision-making process of discerning patterns and instituting treatment was studied and it was concluded that pattern was discerned on“superficies and interior,qi-fluid-blood,excess and deficiency”while treatment was instituted on preventive treatment(zhi wei bing)and strategy selection.These findings were applied to the instruction of this course and clarified the relationships between Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases and other clinical courses.This is an innovative conclusion to an exploratory work that undoubtedly holds great significance,whether it is to accelerate the course’s teaching reform,to improve students’ability to learn actively,to support the development of a spiral curriculum and link evaluation to instruction,or to advance the field’s foundational and clinical studies,and promote discerning patterns and instituting treatment as well as historical research.