河源2010-2011年狂犬病流行病学及临床特征

目的总结狂犬病流行病学和临床特征。方法回顾分析2010年1月-2011年9月我院感染科收治的22例狂犬病住院病例资料。结果农民和少儿为高危人群；77．2％有暴露史，暴露后无1例规范处理伤口、应用疫苗及免疫血清；潜伏期最短12d，最长30年余；首发症状多样，但普遍有烦躁不安、失眠（90．9％），后续特征表现为恐风怕水、惊恐不安（81．8％）、多汗、多涎（86．3％）以及咽肌痉挛、呼吸困难（81．8％）；90．9％须予镇静剂；起病后生存期36h～9d，病死率100％。结论狂犬病目前不可治，重在预防，暴露后应正确处理，充分认识其特征，避免误诊。

The epidemiological and clinical characteristic of rabies in Heyuan area during 2010 to 2011

Objective To summary and analysis epidemiological and clinical characteristic of rabies.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 22 cases rabiators from 2010 to 2011 in department of infectious diseases.Results Farmers and children were high risk people of rabies;77.2% of rabiators had exposure but no one post-exposure case managed wound,vaccinated and applied immune serum by standards;the shortest latency was 12 days,and the longest 30 years;the initial symptom was varied,but restlessness and insomnia were common(90.9%);the follow-up characteristic manifestation were fearing of wind and water,panic(81.8%),sweat and hypersalivation(86.3%),throat spasm and dyspnea(81.8%);90.9% of rabiators had to be given calmative;survival period after onset was 36h to 9 days and the mortality was 100%.Conclusion So far,there is no effective treatment of rabies yet.Prophylaxis is the most important,and stress standard management for post-exposure is necessary.We should take an adequate realization of this disease in order to avoid misdiagnosis.