免疫接种的安全性及不良事件

免疫接种是预防和控制传染病的重要手段之一,随着免疫接种覆盖率的提高,疑似免疫接种不良事件（AEFI）也日益增多。中国疾病预防控制中心将AEFI分为7类,包括疫苗本身的不良反应（一般反应和异常反应）、疫苗质量、实施差错、非疫苗引起的偶合反应、心因性反应和不明原因的反应。本文概述了乙型肝炎疫苗、卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹/麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙型脑炎疫苗、B型流感嗜血杆菌偶联疫苗、狂犬病疫苗和甲型H1N1流感疫苗等9种疫苗不良事件的发生情况,以及AEFI的监测和管理措施,旨在为增强免疫接种的安全性提供参考。

Safety and adverse events of immunization

Immunization is one of the most important ways to prevent and control infectious diseases. An increase in vaccine use would lead to more adverse events following immunization （AEFI）. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention classified AEFI into 7 categories：general reaction,unusual reaction,vaccine quality event,program error event,coincidental event,psychogenic reaction,and reaction of unknown cause. The adverse reactions after vaccination of Hepatitis B vaccine,bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine,oral polio vaccine,measles-mumps-rubella vaccine,pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus triple vaccine,Japanese encephalitis vaccine,haemophilus B conjugate vaccine,rabies vaccine,and influenza A （H1N1） vaccine and monitoring and management of AEFI were discussed,so as to provide reference for enhancement of the safety of immunization