肾盂输尿管重复畸形的综合影像分析

目的 分析肾盂输尿管重复畸形的影像学（泌尿系造影、B超及CT）表现,重点探讨CT轴位特征.方法 对经临床及影像学证实的23例肾盂输尿管重复畸形进行回顾性分析.结果 23例均为单侧发病,15例右侧,8例左侧.9例合并输尿管异位开口,10例见肾盂不同程度积水,9例见输尿管扩张,3例见输尿管囊肿.主要影像学特征有：肾盂分离征、完全或不完全双输尿管征、肾上下径延长征、蒙面征、双侧肾实质交替增厚（肾盂肾盏偏离）征、同层双肾盂征、内髓质征、束腰征、输尿管异位征、蛇头征.结论 常见影像学方法各有特点,相互结合,有助于正确认识,提高诊断率.

Comprehensive imaging diagnosis of duplication of renal pelvis and ureter

Objective To explore the imaging (intravenous urography, ultrasonography and computed tomography) findings of duplication of renal pelvis and ureter. CT axial imaging characteristics were discussed especially. Methods Twenty three cases of duplication of renal pelvis and ureter, which were confirmed by clinic or imaging examination, were analyzed retrospectively. Results All of the 23 cases were unilateral duplication, including 15 cases right and 8 cases left. 9 cases had ectopic ureter orifice, 10 cases had hydronephrosis at different degrees. 9 cases had dilated ureter. 3 cases had ureterocele. The main imaging signs were: departure of pelvis, complete or partial duplication of ureter, prolonging of the axial length, "faceless" renal appearance in the junction of fused poles, asymmetry thickness of renal parenchyma, double pelvis in the same slice, additional medulla inside the normal medulla ring, "slender waist" in the junction of fused poles, ectopic ureter orifice and snake's head sigh of ureterocele. Conclusions All the imaging findings had their own characteristics on the evaluation of duplication of renal pelvis and ureter. A good knowledge of the clinic symptoms and its imaging findings is helpful in accurately diagnosing this malformation.