全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺的功能监测

目的 评估全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,探索早期预测术后低钙血症的方法.方法 对124例患者(甲状腺癌46例、结节性甲状腺肿78例)行全甲状腺切除术,恶性患者加行淋巴结清扫术,术前、术后1 h、1 d、2 d检测血钙和血PTH,观察术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,并用受试者工作特征曲线研究低钙血症早期预测指标.结果 58例发生术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退症(46.8%),甲状腺癌组22例(47.8%),结节性甲状腺肿组36例(46.2%),两组之间无明显差异(λ2=0.033,P=0.857);1例发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症(0.8%),发生在甲状腺癌组.术后90例(72.6%)出现血钙下降,58例(46.8%)出现血PTH下降,40例(32.3%)出现低钙症状.甲状腺癌组术后血钙(F=21.358,P=0.000)、血PTH(F=18.253,P=0.000)下降程度重于结节性甲状腺肿组,术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可很好的预测有临床症状的低钙血症(曲线下面积为0.933),以PTH下降76.6%作为分界点,此时预测有临床症状的低钙血症的敏感性为89.7%,特异性为87.9%. 结论全甲状腺切除术加行淋巴结清扫会加重术后血钙、血PTH下降程度但不会增加甲状旁腺功能减退症发生率;术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可预测低钙血症的发生.

Hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy

Objective To predict the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy. Methods In this study, 124 patients underwent total thyroidectomy, 46 for thyroid cancer and 78 for multinodular goiter, additional neck dissection was performed on cancer patients. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were examined preoperatively and at 1 h, 1 d and 2 d postoperatively. The occurrence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism was observed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to identify the best indicator to early predict the occurrence of clinical hypocalcemic symptoms. Results Fifty-eight (46.8%) patients suffered from postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism, with 22 ( 47. 8% ) cases in thyroid cancer group and 36 ( 46. 2% ) in multinodular goiter group ( λ2 = 0. 033, P = 0. 857). One (0.8%) patient in cancer group had permanent hypoparathyroidism. 90 patients (72.6%) had postoperative hypocalcaemia, 58 (46. 8% ) had subnormal serum PTH levels, 40 (32. 3% ) had hypocalcaemia symptoms. Postoperative serum calcium (F=21. 358,P =0. 000) and PTH ( F = 18.253, P =0.000) levels decreased more in cancer group than in goiter group.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the percentage of serum PTH level decline at 1 h postoperatively was most predictive and 76. 6% decline was the best cut-off value for the occurrence of clinical hypocalcaemia symptoms ( area under the curve being 0.933 ) with a sensitivity of 89. 7% and a specificity of 87.9%. Conclusions Neck dissection added to total thyroidectomy can decrease the postoperative serum calcium and PTH levels more seriously, but may not increase the incidence of postoperative transient hyperparathyroidism. The percentage of serum PTH level decline at 1 h postoperatively predicts the occurrence of clinical hypocalcaemia symptoms.