Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil;2. Duke University, Durham, NC; the Institute of Psychiatry at King''s College London, London; and Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand;1. Personal Social Service Research Unity, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK;2. Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;3. University of East London, London, UK;4. Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy;5. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, The Farr Institute @ the Health eResearch Centre, Liverpool, UK;1. Institute for Health and Social Policy, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;2. Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;3. Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany;4. Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;5. Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands;6. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK;1. Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;2. Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King''s College London, London, UK;3. Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa;4. World Health Organization Sierra Leone Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone;5. Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India;6. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA;7. Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya;8. Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;9. Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands;10. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;11. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil;12. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico, Mexico;13. Grand Challenges Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada;14. Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;15. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;p. Peter C Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, USA;q. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA;r. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;s. Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India;t. Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India;u. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Center for Neuroscience & Society, University of Pennsylvania, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Socioeconomic inequalities in health are an important topic in social sciences and public health research. However, little is known about socioeconomic disparities and mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. This study systematically reviews publications on the relationships between various commonly used indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes for children and adolescents aged four to 18 years. Studies published in English or German between 1990 and 2011 were included if they reported at least one marker of socioeconomic status (an index or indicators, e.g., household income, poverty, parental education, parental occupation status, or family affluence) and identified mental health problems using validated instruments. In total, 55 published studies met the inclusion criteria, and 52 studies indicated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health problems in children and adolescents. Socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents were two to three times more likely to develop mental health problems. Low socioeconomic status that persisted over time was strongly related to higher rates of mental health problems. A decrease in socioeconomic status was associated with increasing mental health problems. The strength of the correlation varied with age and with different indicators of socioeconomic status, whereas heterogeneous findings were reported for gender and types of mental health problems. The included studies indicated that the theoretical approaches of social causation and classical selection are not mutually exclusive across generations and specific mental health problems; these processes create a cycle of deprivation and mental health problems. The review draws attention to the diversity of measures used to evaluate socioeconomic status, which might have influenced the comparability of international epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for individual-level early childhood interventions as well as a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities at a societal level to improve mental health in childhood and adolescence. |
| |
| Keywords: | Systematic review Socioeconomic inequality Socioeconomic status Mental health Mental disorder Children Adolescents |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
