Dermal absorption and hydrolysis of methylparaben in different vehicles through intact and damaged skin: Using a pig-ear model in vitro |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea;2. Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;3. Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;1. Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States;2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States;3. Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States;4. Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States |
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| Abstract: | Currently, there is a trend to reduce of parabens use due to concern about the safety of their unmetabolised forms. This paper focused on dermal absorption rate and effectiveness of first-pass biotransformation of methylparaben (MP) under in-use conditions of skincare products. 24-h exposure of previously frozen intact and tapestripped (20 strips) pig-ear skin to nine vehicles containing 0.1% MP (AD, applied dose of 10 μg/cm2), resulted in 2.0–5.8%AD and 2.9–7.6%AD of unmetabolised MP, and 37.0–73.0%AD and 56.0–95.0%AD of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively, in the receptor fluid. The absorption rate of MP was higher from emulsions than from hydrogels, from enhancer-containing vehicles than from enhancer-free vehicles, and when skin was damaged. Experiments confirmed that the freezing of pig-ear skin slightly reduces hydrolysis of MP.After 4-h exposure of intact freshly excised and intact frozen stored skin, amount of
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| Keywords: | Metylparaben In vitro dermal absorption Hydrolysis Metabolism Intact and damaged pig-ear skin Permeation enhancer |
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