Heavy metals in agricultural soils and crops and their health risks in Swat District,northern Pakistan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;2. State Key Lab. of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China;1. College of Urban and Environment Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;3. College of Environment Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;4. College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;1. Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, India;2. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India;3. Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Environmental Hydro-Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Irrigation & Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;5. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;6. Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China;7. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;8. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan;1. Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan;2. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Pakistan;3. Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;4. School of Geographical sciences, Fujian Normal University, Qishan Campus, Minhou, Fuzhou 350000, China;1. Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;2. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh;3. Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;1. Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226 025, India;2. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India |
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| Abstract: | This study assessed the concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in agricultural soils and crops (fruits, grains and vegetable) and their possible human health risk in Swat District, northern Pakistan. Cd concentration was found higher than the limit (0.05 mg/kg) set by world health organization in 95% fruit and 100% vegetable samples. Moreover, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in the soils were shown significant correlations with those in the crops. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was found highest for Cd followed by Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Mn, while the health risk assessment revealed that there was no health risk for most of the heavy metals except Cd, which showed a high level of health risk index (HRI ? 10E-1) that would pose a potential health risk to the consumers. |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural crops Daily intake Heavy metals Health risk Pakistan |
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