Quantitation of tr-cinnamaldehyde,safrole and myristicin in cola-flavoured soft drinks to improve the assessment of their dietary exposure |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;1. National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy;4. National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy;1. Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA;2. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA;3. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden;4. Member RIFM Expert Panel, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA;5. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany;6. Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP, 05508-900, Brazil;7. Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany;8. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA;9. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA;10. Member of RIFM Expert Panel, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA;11. Member RIFM Expert Panel, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA;12. Member RIFM Expert Panel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA;13. Member RIFM Expert Panel, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Editor-in-Chief, Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan;1. AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India;2. Medicinal, Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India;1. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil;2. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil, Avenida Cel. Francisco Santos, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Quantitation of tr-cinnamaldehyde, safrole and myristicin was carried out in 70 samples of cola-flavoured soft drinks purchased in eight European countries with the purpose of assessing the variability in the levels of these substances. Results indicated a limited variability in the content of the three substances: the ratio between the 90th and the 10th percentile concentration amounted to 21, 6 and 13 for tr-cinnamaldehyde, safrole and myristicin, respectively. The uncertainty in the assessment of dietary exposure to these substances due to the variability of their level in cola-flavoured drinks was low.Based on these analytical data and on refined food consumption data, estimates of exposure to safrole associated to cola drink consumption, along with Margin of Exposure (MOE) values, were obtained. For high consumers of cola-flavoured soft drinks in certain age groups, within some European countries, MOE values lower than 10,000 resulted, MOE values of 10,000 or higher having been stated by the EFSA as a quantitative criterion to identify low concern from a public health point of view and low priority for risk management actions. The lowest MOE values, from 1900 to 3000, were observed for children and teen agers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. |
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| Keywords: | Safrole Myristicin Cola Soft drink SBSE Margin of Exposure |
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