| 摘 要： | 目的通过膳食调查了解持续性非卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)患者食物和膳食营养素摄入量,评估膳食营养素摄入量对CAPD患者营养需求的满足程度,为合理营养干预提供科学依据。方法采用24h膳食回顾法对70例CAPD患者进行膳食调查。根据每日蛋白质摄入量(daily protein intake,DPI)水平将患者分为膳食蛋白摄入正常组DPI≥1.08g/(kg·d)]和膳食蛋白摄入不足组DPI1.08g/(kg·d)],评价2组患者每日食物及营养素摄入量并进行营养不良的评定。结果 70例CAPD患者中有54例(77.1%)膳食蛋白质摄入量不足。与膳食蛋白摄入不足组相比,膳食蛋白摄入正常组的谷薯类、蔬菜类、禽畜类的摄入量多(Z值分别为-3.089,-2.088,-3.465;P值分别为0.002,0.037,0.001)。膳食蛋白摄入正常组的每日能量摄入量(daily energy intake,DEI)及DPI高于膳食蛋白摄入不足组(t值分别为4.400,8.562;P值分别为0.001,0.001)。与膳食蛋白摄入不足组相比,膳食蛋白摄入正常组的总蛋白和动物蛋白摄入量多(t值分别为6.171,5.246;P值均为0.001),植物蛋白摄入量少(t=3.387,P=0.001),动物蛋白占总蛋白比例超过60%(t=2.216,P=0.031)。与膳食蛋白摄入不足组相比,膳食蛋白摄入正常组的维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素C、维生素PP(t值分别为2.841,4.821,4.314,2.480,5.109;P值分别为0.006,0.001,0.001,0.016,0.001)、钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、磷、硒(t值分别为5.003,2.500,2.593,4.359,5.660,3.443,5.721,4.480,5.789,3.065;P值分别为0.001,0.016,0.012,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.003)摄入量多。结论 CAPD患者普遍存在膳食摄入不足的问题,膳食蛋白质摄入量不能满足CAPD患者营养需求,膳食蛋白摄入不足组患者膳食营养摄入状况较膳食蛋白摄入正常组差,建议加强营养宣教和个体化的饮食指导。
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