计算机导航在脊柱外科手术应用实验和临床研究

目的探讨计算机导航技术在脊柱外科中的应用价值。方法自2002年12月将红外线主动诱导计算机导航系统应用于脊柱外科，进行了相关的实验和临床研究。实验研究采用40具成人颈椎标本，分别采用盲法、透视法、透视导航法、CT三维导航法和Iso—C术中三维导航法进行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入。术后通过大体解剖观察评价植钉的准确性。同时对163例采用不同导航方式（包括透视导航、CT三维导航和Iso—C术中三维导航）辅助下脊柱外科手术进行回顾性分析，通过术后影像学检查判断内固定术的植钉准确性。结果实验研究共植入螺钉398枚。盲法组平均手术时间27min；优29枚（36.3％），良21枚（26.3％），差30枚（37．5％）。透视法组平均手术时间112min；优35枚（44．9％），良29枚（37.2％），差14枚（17．9％）。透视导航法组平均手术时间69min；优34枚（42．5％），良36枚（45．0％），差10枚（12．5％）。CT三维导航法组平均手术时间98min；优70枚（87．5％），良10枚（12．5％），无差的螺钉。Iso—C术中三维导航法组平均手术时间91min；优72枚（90％），良8枚（10％），无差的螺钉。临床病例中，透视导航组共272枚螺钉，优243枚（89．3％），良29枚（10．7％）。CT导航组共571枚螺钉，优485枚（84．9％），良82枚（14．4％），差4枚（0．7％，均发生于早期颈椎手术病例）。Iso—C术中三维导航组共142枚螺钉，优136枚（95．8％），良6枚（4．2％，5枚为颈椎，1枚为腰椎）。结论正确应用计算机导航系统能显著提高脊柱外科手术的安全性。三种导航方法各有优缺点，Iso—C术中三维导航技术具有良好的应用前景并有可能逐渐替代其他两种导航技术。

Experimental study and clinical applications of computer assisted navigation technique in spinal surgery

Objective To assess the accuracies and feasibility of spine surgery assisted by different types of navigation system.Methods In experiment study,40 human cadaveric cervical spines were employed and 3.5 mm screws were placed into the C 3 to C 7 pedicles following five kinds of insertion techniques:blind screw placement(Group 1),assisted by X-ray fluoroscopy(Group 2),assisted by virtual fluoroscopy navigation system(Group 3),assisted by CT-based navigation system(Group 4),assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system(Group 5).Thereafter,cortical integrity of every sample was examined by anatomic dissection.In clinical study,163 cases of spine operations assisted by different types of navigation were reviewed.The accuracies of screw placement were evaluated by postoperative CT or Iso-C 3D scan.Results In experiment study,there were 398 pedicles inserted.Group 1,the average operation time per sample was 27 minutes;36.3% of the screws were excellent,26.3% good,and 37.5% bad.Group 2,the average operation time was 112 minutes;44.9% excellent,37.2% good,and 17.9% bad.Group 3,the average operation time was 69 minutes;42.5% excellent,45.0% good,and 12.5% bad.Group 4,the average operation time was 98 minutes;87.5% excellent,12.5% good.Group 5,the average operation time was 91 minutes;90% excellent,10% good.In clinical study,272 screws inserted with virtual fluoroscopy navigation system,89.3% excellent,10.7% good.571 screws inserted with CT-based navigation system,84.9% excellent,14.4% good,0.7% bad.142 screws inserted with Iso-C 3D navigation system,95.8% excellent,4.2% good.Conclusion Computer-assisted navigation system enhances accuracies and further improves the safety of spine surgery,especially utilizing CT-based navigation system and Iso-C 3D navigation system.Iso-C 3D navigation method is better than the other two navigation methods.