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Asynchronous blepharospasm, facial and cervical dystonia, and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm.
Authors:Bradley J Katz  John R Burroughs  Richard L Anderson  Shannon Bownds  John D McCann
Affiliation:John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. bradley.katz@hsc.utah.edu
Abstract:We present a patient with a facial movement disorder that has characteristics of both blepharospasm and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm. Because of the increased incidence of blepharospasm in patients with hemifacial spasm, our patient's clinical presentation is probably not a chance occurrence, but rather a manifestation of some predisposition for these two movement disorders. This unusual constellation of signs and symptoms challenges the current diagnostic criteria and suggests that some of these facial movement disorders may lie on a spectrum, rather than represent distinct entities.
Keywords:blepharospasm  hemifacial spasm  apraxia of eyelid opening  facial dystonia  cervical dystonia  botulinum toxin  oromandibular dystonia  Meige syndrome  root exit zone
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