某市土壤、饮用水铅水平与儿童血铅、尿铅相关性研究

目的：探讨某市使用无铅汽油对儿童环境铅暴露和血铅、尿铅水平的影响。方法：分层随机抽样选择某市位于郊区的对照组、远离交通主干道的居民区和交通主干道的幼儿园各两所，分别测定土壤和饮用水铅含量。每个幼儿园随机抽取3～6岁儿童50名，检测血铅、尿铅水平，分析变化趋势和相关性。结果：对照组、居民区组和交通主干道组土壤和饮用水铅含量依次升高，其中交通主干道组土壤铅高达25．30mg／kg，3组自来水铅均不超标。对照组、居民区组和交通主干道组儿童血铅和尿铅含量逐渐升高，交通主干道组血铅值超过儿童铅中毒的血铅水平。血铅与尿铅问存在显著正相关。结论：尽管已停用含铅汽油，但对环境和儿童健康的潜在影响仍然存在。

SIUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF LEAD IN SOIL AND TAP WATER AND LEVELS OF LEAD IN RLOOD AND URINE OF CHILDREN

Objective:To explore effects of the use of unleaded gasoline on environmental lead exposure and levels of lead in blood and urine of children.Methods:Using stratified random sampling,two kindergartens were chosen from suburb,residential areas far away from roads and heavy traffic areas,respectively.Levels of lead in soil and tap water were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Fifty children of 3-6 years old were sampled from each kindergarten.We measured the children's levels of lead in blood and urine,and then analyzed their trend and correlation.Results:Levels of lead in soil and tap water from kindergartens in suburb,residual areas and heavy traffic areas increased gradually,level of lead in soil from heavy traffic kindergartens were as high as 25.30 mg/kg,and level of lead in tap water from the three groups were all lower than the standard.Levels of lead in blood and urine from kindergartens in suburb,residual areas and heavy traffic areas also increased gradually,and level of lead in blood in heavy traffic areas was higher than the standard of children lead poison.There was a positive correlation between levels of lead in blood and urine.Conclusion:It suggested that although lead petrol had been banned,its effects on environment and children's health still existed.