荔枝核提取物抑制大鼠乳腺增生及调节激素水平研究

目的：探讨荔枝核提取物对大鼠乳腺增生病以及激素作用及其作用机制。方法：取健康、未孕雌性SD大鼠60只，按体重随机分为正常对照组，模型对照组，荔枝核提取物高、中、低剂量组（44、22、11g／kg），乳结平组（3．3g／kg），每组10只。实验结束时，观察各组大鼠乳头高度，光镜检查乳腺组织病理变化，用放射免疫法（RIA）分析测量血清雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、泌乳素（PRL）的水平。结果：模型对照组大鼠乳头红肿或增生明显，导管上皮细胞层数、腺泡数明显增加，血清激素B和PRL水平明显升高，而P水平明显降低，与正常对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。乳结平组和荔枝核提取物高、中剂量组均能逆转病鼠乳头直径、高度、导管上皮细胞层数和腺泡数（P〈0．01），并降低B和PRL水平（P〈0．01），而提高P含量（P〈0．05或0．01）；荔枝核提取物低剂量组也能不同程度地逆转大鼠乳头红肿或乳腺组织增生（P〈0．01），提高P含量（P〈0．05），但B和PRL水平则未见统计学明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：荔枝核提取物可调节乳腺增生大鼠的激素水平，改善增生乳腺的病理形态变化。推测荔枝核的部分作用机制，可能是调整下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴功能紊乱，从而有效地对抗雌激素性大鼠乳腺增生病。

Effects of Litchi seed extract on inhibiting hyperplasia of mammary glands and regulating the levels of serum hormones in rats with hyperplasia of mammary glands

AIM:To study the effect of Litchi seed extract(LSE) on pathomorphological changes in breast tissue and the level of serum sex hormones in the rat model with hyperplasia of mammary glands(HMG),and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:60healthy,nulli-pregnant,female SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to weight:Control group,Model group,LSE 44,22,11g/kg group,Rujieping group,n=10.The height and diameter of nipples were measured with digital caliper,and the pathological changes of mammary gland tissue were observed with optical microscope,and the changes of the concentrations of estradiol(E_2),prolactin(PRL) and progestogen(P) in serum were observed by radioimmunoassay between normal and model groups in which Litchi seed extract and Rujieping were used respectively.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the height and diameter of nipples were augmented(P＜0.01)and the layer number of breast ductal epithelium and number of acinar in mammary tissue were increased(P＜0.01),and the concentrations of E_2 and PRL were increased(P＜0.01),but the level of P was lowered in model group with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).The height and diameter of nipples,layer number of breast ductal epithelium and number of acinar in mammary tissue were inhibited(P＜0.01),all levels of E_2 and PRL were reduced(P＜0.01),and the content of P was enhanced(P＜0.05-0.01)by Rujieping,high and medial dose groups of LSE;the nipple swelling and population of breast tissue were resuited ibid(P＜0.01),and the content of P was increased(P＜0.05),but the levels of E_2 and PRL had no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05) by low dose groups of LSE.CONCLUSION:Litchi seed may modulate the serum levels of some sex hormones and improve pathomorphological changes in breast tissue.It can be conjectured that the mechanism by which Litchi seed extract improves the abnormal secretion of some sex hormones is probably related to the modulation function of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary gonad axis by the drugs in the experimental rats.