澳大利亚残疾人辅助技术服务政策与发展研究

目的 探讨澳大利亚残疾流行率、辅助技术服务的需求、服务政策、服务体系。方法 参照世界卫生组织《健康服务体系中的康复》相关政策建议和指标清单,通过内容分析和发展研究的方法,分析澳大利亚辅助技术服务的政策架构、服务发展以及未来发展趋势。结果 澳大利亚统计残疾人约440万,其中重度或极重度残疾人140万(32%);澳大利亚联邦、州、地方政府分别出台了《国家残疾战略》《国家残疾协议》《国家残疾保险计划》《国家残疾服务标准》和其他残疾人援助项目等法律和政策以及相关的服务项目。澳大利亚每年约200多万残疾人获得辅助技术服务的资助,提供辅助器具各类达1万多种,涵盖了“世卫组织优先辅助器具清单”列举的所有类别。结论 澳大利亚根据残疾人辅助技术服务需求,制定了联邦的《国家残疾战略》、辅助技术服务政策和标准,并且建立了联邦和州的残疾人辅助技术保险和财政支持项目,联邦和各州建立了辅助技术服务网络,并且通过《国家残疾协议》的形式建立联邦和州之间的服务协调机制,覆盖了全澳各类有辅助技术服务需求的残疾人,符合《健康服务体系中的康复》政策指南中涉及辅助技术服务的政策建议和评估指标要求;澳大利亚辅助技术服务的热点将集中于辅助技术服务政策完善、ICF应用、服务体系发展、服务质量与标准升级,以及新技术应用等领域。

Policies and Development of Assistive Technology Services for People with Disabilities in Australia

Objective To study the prevalence of people with disability, and the demand, service policies and service system for assistive technology (AT) services in Australia. Methods Referring to policy recommendation and indicators in World Health Organizaion's Rehabilitation in Health Systems, Australia's assistive technology service policy framework, services development and trend of development were analyzed by the means of content analysis and development research. Results There are about 4.4 million people with disability in Australia, of which 1.4 million (32%) with severe or profound disabilities. Federal, state and territorial governments have respectively issued legislation, policy and related service project, including the National Disability Strategy, National Disability Agreement, the National Disability Insurance Scheme, National Standards for Disability Services and others assistance programs to support disability services. There are about two million Australians with disabilities received AT services support from the mentioned programme and scheme. Australia provides more than ten thousands kinds of AT appliances per year, covering all kinds of products in WHO's Priority Assistive Products List. Conclusion Australia has developed a federal National Disability Strategy, AT service policies and standards, and established federal and state AT insurance and financial support programs for people with disabilities based on the unmet needs of AT services, and federal and state networks for AT services have been established, and service coordination mechanisms at federal and state levels have been established through the National Disability Agreement, covering all types of people with demand of AT in Australia. It meets the requirements of the policy recommendations and assessment indicators in the WHO's Rehabilitation in Health Systems policy guidelines involving AT services. The future development areas in AT will focus on the fields of policy development, ICF implementation, service delivery system, upgrading of service quality and standard, and new technology application.