儿童轮椅的临床应用研究进展

目的 系统综述儿童轮椅对残疾儿童的主要功能影响。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、EBSCO (CINAHL)、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库建库至2021年2月儿童轮椅临床应用相关文献,对文献进行质量评价,并运用文献归纳法对儿童轮椅临床应用效果进行分析与提炼。结果 共纳入10篇病例报道研究,1篇随机对照研究,1篇队列研究,文献质量评价显示较低。儿童轮椅适用于12月龄以上不同年龄段、不同疾病类型患儿,其中脑瘫儿童应用最为常见。儿童轮椅可提高残疾儿童的运动功能,促进认知功能发育,改善活动和参与能力。根据儿童个体状况,轮椅可个体化适配为手动轮椅、电动轮椅和智能轮椅三种类型,以附加体位支撑装置进行适应性改造。结论 轮椅可用于改善残疾儿童功能和生活质量,虽功能康复效果已表现出良好趋势,但目前研究多数以病例报道为主,缺乏高质量临床对照,且尚未建立统一的适配标准。

Clinical Advance in Pediatric Wheelchair (review)

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness of pediatric wheelchairs on the function of children with disabilities.Methods Literatures about clinical application of pediatric wheelchairs were researched from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO (CINAHL), CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Database, till February, 2021. The clinical application effectiveness of pediatric wheelchairs was extracted and analyzed by inductive approach.Results A total of ten case studies, one randomized controlled study and one cohort study were included, and quality assessment showed low quality. There were different types of pediatric wheelchairs for all ages over twelve months and different disease types of children, mostly for cerebral palsy. The review showed that pediatric wheelchairs mainly improved the motor function of disabled children, promoted the development of cognitive functions, and improved activities and participation abilities. The wheelchairs could be individually adapted to manual wheelchairs, electric wheelchairs and smart wheelchairs, according to the individual conditions of the children, with additional postural support devices for adaptive transformation.Conclusion Pediatric wheelchairs can be used to improve the function and quality of life of children with disabilities. Although functional rehabilitation effects of pediatric wheelchairs have shown a promising trend, most of the current studies are case reports, and there is a lack of high-quality clinical control studies, and the unified adaptation standard has not been established yet.