神经外科术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析及防治对策

目的：分析神经外科术后下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的危险因素,并制定有效的预防和治疗对策。方法：127例神经外科术后患者根据是否发生DVT分为DVT组（n=34）和无DVT组（n=93）,比较两组患者在平均年龄、性别、合并症（糖尿病和冠心病）、术后偏瘫、长期卧床、体质量指数和下肢深静脉导管留置时间等方面的差异性。采用Logistics回归分析DVT形成的独立危险因素。结果：两组患者在平均年龄、高血压发病率、术后偏瘫、长期卧床等方面比较有显著差异性（P〈0.05）;经Logistic回归分析,高龄、合并高血压病、术后偏瘫和长期卧床均为神经外科术后患者DVT形成的独立危险因素。结论：高龄、合并高血压病、术后偏瘫和长期卧床均为神经外科术后患者DVT形成的独立危险因素,采取有效防治对策可有效降低DVT的发生率。

Risk factor analysis and prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis after neurosurgery

Objective：To analyze the risk factors of postoperative deep venous thrombosis （DVT） after neurosurgery and develop effective prevention and treatment methods. Methods： A total of 127 neurosurgical patients were divided into DVT group （n=34） and non--DVT group （n=93） according to the occurrence of DVT, and the mean age, gender, comorbidities （diabetes and coronary heart disease）, postoperative hemiplegia, prolonged bed rest, body mass index, and lower extremity deep venous catheters were compared between the two groups. Logistics regression analysis was used to look for the independent risk factor of DVT formation. Results： The significant difference was observed between the two groups on mean age, the incidence of hypertension, postoperative paralysis, and prolonged bed rest （P〈0.05）. The logistics regression analysis indicated that the age, hypertension, long--term hemiplegia and bed rest after neurosurgery were the independent risk factors for DVT formation. Conclusion： The advanced age, hypertension, long term paralysis and bed rest after neurosurgery are independent risk factors for DVT formation, and the effective control measures can reduce the incidence of DVT.