再论代理孕母问题的伦理学问题

代理母亲是指代人妊娠的妇女,根据胎儿与孕母之间有无遗传关系,可将代理孕母分为“遗传代孕”及“妊娠代孕”两种方式.在其作为一种解决不孕问题的方法带给不孕夫妇好处的同时,也引起了许多伦理争论.本文概括了当前代理孕母支持者和反对者的主要观点,并引述了部分学者为代理孕母所进行的伦理学辩护,他们认为：代理孕母制度本身并不存在剥削,没有将妇女的身体物化、商品化;代理孕母并不一定必然会破坏家庭和婚姻,相反出于仁慈帮助她人的、非商业化的代孕技术的合理使用会促进家庭的幸福,代理孕母与买卖婴儿也存在本质上的差别.全面禁止代理孕母的政策需要重新考虑.

Discussions on Ethical Problems of Surrogate Motherhood

A "surrogate motherhood" is a woman who agrees to bear a child for another woman who is incapable to conceive by herself.It is a way to solve the offspring problem caused by infertility by assisted reproductive technology.They can be divided into "genetic surrogacy" and "gestational surrogacy" by the relationship between the surrogate and the child.While bringing benefit to the infertile couple,it caused many ethical issues and brought about serious disputes all over the world.There are some arguments for and against surrogate motherhood,but "surrogate motherhood" can be ethically justified in that there is no exploitation,no objectification and commercialization of women's body,doing no harm to the family and the child.The policy to prohibit surrogate motherhood needs to be reconsidered.