颈部肌力和软组织刚度测试的研究进展

颈部肌肉的生物力学评价对颈椎病的诊疗有着重要意义,颈部肌力和软组织刚度测试是颈部肌肉生物力学测试的两个方面。等长肌力测试操作相对简单、成本较低,能对3级以下的肌力进行评价,而等速肌力测试可评定关节活动在任意位置上的肌力情况。利用载荷-位移曲线评价局部软组织刚度时不能区分不同组织间的刚度差别,而弹性成像技术不仅能够利用图像显示不同组织的弹性差异,还可以对皮下组织和肌肉的弹性模量分别进行量化分析,但很难通过分析颈部整体的刚度来观察颈椎柔韧性的不同。总之,多种测试方法的联合运用不仅有助于颈部肌肉的生物力学评价,而且有助于有效的颈部肌肉的生物力学数学模型的建立。另外,等速肌力测试和弹性成像技术更好地应用到颈部肌肉的生物力学测试上还有待进一步验证和优化。

Progress on cervical muscle strength and soft tissue stiffness testing

Biomechanical evaluation of neck muscles has important significance in the diagnosis and treatment for cervical spondylosis,the neck muscle strength and soft tissue stiffness test is two aspects of biomechanical testing. Isometric muscle testing operation is relatively simple,the cost is lower,which can evaluate the muscle force below grade 3. However,isokinetic muscle strength testing can assess the muscle strength of joint motion in any position. It is hard to distinguish stiffness difference in different soft tissues when the load-displacement curve is used to evaluate the local soft tissue stiffness. Elasticity imaging technique can not only show the elastic differences of different tissues by images,but also quantify the elastic modulus of subcutaneous tissues and muscles respectively. Nevertheless,it is difficult to observe the flexibility of the cervical spine by means of the analysis of the whole neck stiffness. In a word,a variety of test method will conduce not only the biomechanical evaluation of neck muscles,but also making an effective biomechanics mathematical model of neck muscles. Besides,isokinetic muscle testing and the elasticity imaging technology still need further validation and optimization before they are better applied to neck muscles biomechanical testing.