广州市海珠区变态反应体质儿童过敏原调查

目的:获得广州市海珠区儿童的各类过敏原的分布特点,为本区儿童的"免疫照护"提供参考价值的资料。方法:将14岁以下有典型病史的特异性皮炎、荨麻疹、儿童慢性咳嗽、小儿哮喘、过敏性鼻炎等变态反应体质的儿童分成婴幼儿组和少儿组两组,利用荧光酶免法检测45种过敏原。结果:共获得371例阳性过敏原结果,其中户尘螨过敏原阳性128例,占34.5%,粉尘螨过敏原阳性95例,占25.6%,牛奶过敏原阳性75例,占20.2%;鸡蛋白过敏原阳性51例,13.7%。其中婴幼儿组以食入性过敏原牛奶和鸡蛋白为主,少儿组以吸入性过敏原尘螨为主,两组比较,P均<0.05,存在明显差异。结论:广州市海珠区儿童过敏性疾病的主要过敏原是户尘螨、粉尘螨、牛奶和鸡蛋白。婴幼儿是以食入性过敏原牛奶和鸡蛋白致敏为主,少儿以吸入性致敏原尘螨致敏为主。

Investigation of Allergen Distribution for Allergic Children in Guangzhou Haizu District

Objective: To gain allergen distribution information for allergic childen in Guangzhou Haizu district,and the result has reference value to immune care for the children.Method: The children under 14 years old who have any history of specific dermatitis,urticaria,children chronic cough,children atheme and allergic rhinitis were divided into the infant group and the juvenile group,45 kinds of allergens was measured by fluorescences enzyme immunoassay(FEI).Result: 371 allergen positive cases were detected,including to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(34.5%),dermatophagoides farinae(25.6 %),milk(20.2 %) and egg(13.7%).And the food allergen was the main allergen in the infant group,among which most were milk and egg.The inhalant allergen was the main allergen in the juvenile group,among which most was dust mite.Dust mites,milk and egg in the infant group were compared with the juvenile group,P<0.05.Conclusion: The main allergens causing children allergy are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,dermatophagoides farinae,milk and egg in Guangzhou Haizu district.And the allergic diseases of infant were caused by food allergen,among which most were milk and egg.The allergic disease of children were caused by inhalant allergen,among which most were dust mites.