不同消毒方法对污染HBV口腔器械消毒效果的实验研究

目的比较不同消毒方法对污染HBV口腔器械的消毒效果，探讨能在较短时间内灭活HBV的消毒方法。方法将人工污染HBV的口腔器械分别采用戊二醛擦拭消毒法、戊二醛浸泡消毒法、压力蒸汽消毒法，消毒后的器械用ELISA法检测HBsAg，间接判断HBV的存在。结果经2％戊二醛擦拭两遍后，HBsAg的转阴率为46．7％；经2％戊二醛浸泡30min后，HBsAg转阴率为96．7％；2％戊二醛浸泡60min后，HBsAg的转阴率为100％；经预真空压力蒸汽消毒4min，普通压力蒸汽消毒20min后，HBsAg的转阴率均为100％。结论压力蒸汽消毒和2％戊二醛浸泡30min以上处理污染HBV的口腔器械基本可完全破坏HBsAg的抗原性，用压力蒸汽消毒和2％戊二醛浸泡30min以上处理临床口腔器械可作为杜绝口腔器械HBV医源性传播的主要措施。

Experimental study on the disinfection efficacy of different disinfection methods in the dental instruments contaminated with HBV

Objective To compare the disinfection efficacy of different disinfection methods in dental instruments contaminated with HBV in order to study some disinfection methods to eliminate live HBV in short time. Methods After dental instruments contaminated with HBV were sterilized with three different disinfection methods, ELISA method was used to examine disinfection efficacy of HBsAg. Results The eliminating rate of HBsAg was 46.7% when the contaminated instruments were scrubbed with 2 % cidex solution. After the contaminated instruments immersed to 2 % cidex solution for 30 min or 60 min, the eliminating of HBsAg was 96.7% or 100%. The seam-pressure disinfection method could completely sterilize the dental instruments. The eliminating rate of HBsAg was 100%. Conclusions The steam-pressure method is an ideal disinfection for dental instruments. Efficacy of 2% Cidex solution in destroying HBsAg antigenicity in dental instrument was 96.7-100%. It is suggested that dental instruments be sterilized by 2 % Cidex and the steam-pressure method could effectively avoid HBV on the iatrogenic infection.