老年恶性血液病患者并发侵袭性真菌感染的临床分析

 目的　探讨老年恶性血液病患者侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）的临床特点。方法　对2000 年 1 月至2007 年10月老年恶性血液病患者IFI的临床和实验室资料进行回顾性分析。结果　7 年间共诊断老年恶性血液病患者并发IFI 38 例。IFI发病与中性粒细胞缺乏症持续时间>5 d、广谱抗生素使用时间>7 d、合并糖尿病、住院天数>20 d、使用含激素的化疗方案等因素相关。IFI临床表现随感染部位的不同和感染真菌菌种不同而异，肺部是最常见的感染部位（25例，65.8 %）。菌种主要为白色念珠菌（14株，38.9 %）、曲霉菌（7株，19.4 %）。虽经两性霉素B和伊曲康唑等抗真菌药治疗，但仍有10例患者因难以控制的呼吸衰竭死亡。结论　老年恶性血液病患者IFI发病率高、预后差，发病与多种因素有关，应及早进行预防性治疗或早期经验性抗真菌治疗。

Clinical analysis of elder patients with invasive fungal infections of gerontal hematological malignant

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of the elder patients with the invasive fungal infections (IFI) in gerontal hematological malignant. Methods 38 patients with IFI during Jan 2000 to October 2007 were enrolled to analyze retrospectively. Results A total of 38 cases of gerontal hematological malignancies were diagnosed IFI. Occurrence of IFI correlated with agranulocytosis persistence >5 days, broad - spectrum antibiotics using >7 days, complicating diabetes, the hospitalized day longer than 20 days,chemotherapy scheme combined with glucocorticoids. IFI clinical manifestation varied with different infection sites and different fungal species. Lung was the frequently fungal infection site(25 cases, 65.8 %). The most common fungal subtypes were Candida albicans (14 strains, 38.9 %) and aspergillus (7 strains, 19.4 %).Although amphotericin B and itraconozole were adopted to treat IFI, but there were still 10 cases of patients died because of severe respiratory failure. Conclusion Elder patients with gerontal hematological malignant with a marked increasing mortality of IFI, prognosis was poor. Morbidity concerned with many factors, early prophylaxis or empiric antifungal treatment should be adopt.