计算机辅助设计与快速成形技术辅助制作全口义齿的探讨

目的探索全口义齿计算机辅助设计（computer aided design，CAD）与快速成形技术辅助制作技术路线，并开发相关程序。方法用三维自动切层扫描仪获取人工牙外表面三维数据并建立人工牙三维图形数据库（可用于参数化定位）。用三维点激光扫描仪获取无牙颌石膏模型及骀堤表面的三维数据，利用模型关系定位器记录猞堤的颌间关系数据。基于Imageware 11软件探索全口义齿CAD技术路线，包括创建排牙线、人工牙定位标志点、定位坐标系以及基托构建线、控制线等，完成全口义齿包括人工牙列、基托组织面和磨光面外形以及全口义齿石膏阴模的完整三维设计，针对该路线编程，开发CAD软件平台。用快速成形技术制作全口义齿石膏阴模，手工插入人工牙并完成全口义齿的制作。结果确立了全口义齿CAD技术路线，通过编程开发了CAD软件平台，完成1例全口义齿的制作。结论利用自行开发的CAD软件可将教科书上的全口义齿排牙原则、基托设计原则和美学原则表达在CAD过程中，并在设计时应用猞堤的三维数据，实现了全口义齿的数字化、智能化和个性化的设计制作流程。

Research and development of computer aided design and rapid prototyping technology for complete denture

OBJECTIVE: To explore a computer aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP) approach for fabrication of complete denture and to develop relevant programs for implementing it. METHODS: Automatic crossing section scanner was used to scan artificial teeth and 3D graphic database of artificial teeth that could be aligned with parameters was established. A 3D laser scanner was used to scan upper and lower edentulous jaw casts and rims made in clinic. The vertical and horizontal relations were recorded before scanning with a patient instrument. Based on Imageware 11, tooth-arrangement curves, coordinate system, and landmark points for positioning were created, and construction cure and shape-controlling curve for base plate were constructed as well. Three-dimensional integrated design of complete denture, including artificial tooth automatic arrangement, aesthetic and individualized design of base plate, and artificial gingival, were finished. The programs were developed following the approach and the CAD platform was established. The virtual molds of complete dentures were constructed according to the above data in design and RP technology was used to make the plaster molds. Finally, the teeth were inserted and the complete denture was finished by dental technician. RESULTS: The approach for the complete denture CAD/RP was confirmed and the CAD software platform was developed. A complete denture was manufactured. CONCLUSIONS: The rules for complete denture in textbooks were expressed in design process with the CAD program developed by researcher. The 3D data of rims were utilized in design so that the digital, intelligentized and individualized design and manufacture process for complete denture was implemented.