A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression |
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Authors: | Chikezie Grand Ihesiulor Khaled Alzahrani Hema Rhadhakrishnan |
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Institution: | Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, United Kingdom;Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | Various studies have suggested several environmental, pharmacological, medical, and optical interventions and some are in use but their efficacy in myopia control may be transient, and the cellular, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms involved unclear. Daylight exposure is currently regarded as an effective and enduring strategy in the control of myopia development and progression. However, the mechanism behind the effect of outdoor exposure and its association with genetic predisposition and other relatively more significant environmental factors on myopia is still a conundrum. This review focuses on survey-based and intervention-based studies carried out to propose a mechanism that accounts for myopia development and important for its control. |
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Keywords: | outdoor exposure daylight exposure myopia control myopia |
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