哈密地区2002年腹泻病监测结果分析

目的　探讨本地区腹泻病的发生频率和流行规律。方法　按自治区统一方案 ,采用定点监测、疫情旬报、典型病人大便培养以及外环境定时定点采样进行分离培养。结果　 2 0 0 2年 5月 1日至 9月 30日 ,通过全地区 5 0个监测点 ,累计报告腹泻病患者 340 1例 ,报告发病率为 940.64 / 10万。主要病种有感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、其他腹泻 ,分别占 35.93%、13.05 %、51.02 %。从 5月份开始发病率逐渐上升 ,7、8月份达到高峰 ;发病年龄有两个高峰 (0 - 4岁和 30 - 34岁 ) ;男高女低 ;以散居儿童、农民、工人居多 ;市区河坝水、自来水、公厕混合便、食品以及苍蝇、牛、羊、鸡等动物粪便中均未监测到腹泻病阳性菌株。结论　哈密区域内 2 0 0 2年未发生腹泻病流行或暴发疫情。通过监测点报告的腹泻病患者均为散发 ,人群和外环境中均未发现霍乱、O15 7:H7阳性菌株 ,通过监测点报告的菌痢发病率与前一年同期相近。因此 ,本地区腹泻病疫情处于平稳状态。但提示应加强农村以及散居儿童 (尤其是流动人口 )腹泻病防治工作 ,要选择敏感性较高的抗菌药物 ,以确保其疗效。

Analysis on Surveillance Result of Diarrhea Diseases in Hami District in 2002

Objective To learn the occurrent frequency and regularity of diarrhea in Hami district. Methods According to the unified projects of Municipality, the samples were collected and tested with the same methods. Result There were 3 401 patients (940 64/ 100 000) reported in 50 monitored spots on May 1 to Sep 30 in 2002, in which the main kinds of diarrhea included infection diarrhea (35.93%), bacillary dysentery (13.05%) and others (51.02%). The diseases occurred on May and got fastigium during July and October.The age of the patients was mainly concentrated on 0-4and 30-34 years old.The number of the male patients was higher than female,and most of the patients were children,farmers and workers inhibited dispersedly.Any kinds of positive diarrhea bacterias had not been inspected in the city rivers,drinking water,dejecta in toilet,food and the dejecta of animals in the district.Conclusion There were no any kinds of epidemic diarrhea diseases occurred in Hami Distriet in 2002.The incidence of bacillary dysentery was close to the last year.But we should strengthen the precention of it,especially in children,and should choose more sensitive medicine to ensure the curative effect.