HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量现状及相关因素研究

目的了解HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量的现状并分析其相关因素。方法应用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-BREFF）中文版评价HIV感染者及AIDS病人的生存质量,同时调查可能影响生存质量的人口学特征、HIV感染有关情况和社会支持等。采用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,多元线性回归模型分析生理、心理、社会关系及环境4大领域的影响因素。结果 112例HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量4大领域平均得分分别为：生理领域（60.5±16.2）分、心理领域（51.8±17.5）分、社会关系领域（58.1±19.3）分,环境领域（47.5±15.6）分。各维度得分均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。主观支持得分越高,HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量4个领域得分就越高;静脉吸毒途径感染的HIV感染者/AIDS病人生理领域总分低于性途径感染者;有工作/学习的HIV感染者/AIDS病人生理和心理领域得分高于无业者;对支持利用度高者,其心理领域得分也高;在环境领域得分中,患者文化程度越高,其得分越高。结论应加强失业、文化程度低、抗病毒治疗患者、静脉注射感染者以及社会支持差者的心理健康辅导,以提高其生存质量。

Study on the quality of life and its associated factors of HIV/AIDS patients

Objective To explore the quality of life （QOL） among people living with HIV/AIDS and examine the factors associated with the QOL. Methods WHOQOL-BREFF was used to evaluate the quality of life among people with HIV/AIDS and its risk factors of social characteristics, infection status and social support. Student-test and Chi-square method were used to conduct the significance test of variances; multiple linear regression model was also applied to analyze relationship between the four domains and the potential risk factors. Results Physical, psychological, social relationship and environment scores of people living with HIV/AIDS were 60.5 ＋ 16.2, 51.8-＋ 17.5, 58.1 ＋ 19.3, and 47.5 ＋ 15.6, respectively. Scores of all aspects in the patients are significantly lower than that of general persons （P〈0.05）. The more subjective support the HIV/AIDS patients received, the better quality of life they have. Participants who were transmitted by injection drug user （IDU） had the lowest scores in psychological domains. Job was the positive predictive factors in physical and psychological measures. The more the availability of sustain the HIV/AIDS patients received the better psychology they have. The results showed that participants who had higher education level demonstrated relatively higher scores in environment domain. Conclusion Mental health counseling should be strengthened among the following populations： the unemployed, low educated, and the patients who have ART, IDUs and lack of social support to improve their quality of life.