2000年北京城区儿童哮喘患病情况调查分析

目的了解北京儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及影响因素,并进行10年前后的对比研究.方法采取整群抽样调查方法,按照10年前的调查范围,在北京市朝阳区及西城区2～4个街区内,向家长发放初筛问卷,筛选出相关疾病的可疑患者,再经哮喘中心医师统一问诊查体,填写调查表.所有数据经sas/pc统计软件分析.结果实际调查人数10 163人,2年内有喘息发作的哮喘现患率为2.05%,男女患病率分别为2.80%及1.24%,既往有哮喘的累计患病率为2.69%.性别、首次发作年龄、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素与哮喘发作有关.早期正确诊断及应用吸入治疗的比率仍较低.对比1990年哮喘现患率的0.78%,2000年哮喘现患率是10年前的2.6倍.结论本次调查0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病率较10年前显著升高,且主要发生于学龄期.哮喘发作受诸多因素的影响,目前按GINA方案在哮喘的规范化治疗上仍有明显差距.

Epidemeological survey and analysis on children's asthma in Beijing in 2000

Objective To Study the prevalence of asthma,influencing factors in Beijing and to compare them with the data of ten years age.Methods On cluster sampling survey on children from two districts of Beijing.First the parents were asked to fill out preliminary questionnaires,the dubious cases were screened and further questionnaires and physical examination by physicians of asthma center were given.Results 10 163 children were surveyed,the prevalence of asthmatic children who had attacks within 2 years was 2.04%,the prevalence of asthma aged from 0 14 with or without onset was 2.69%.Sex ages of first onset,allergic and genetic factors were significantly related to asthmatic attacks.Most asthmatic children had their beginning onset of asthma before the age of 3.The percentage of making early correct diagnosis and prescribing proper corticosteroid inhalation were very low.Compared with 1990's data,the prevalence was 2.6 times of that.Conclusions The survey implied that the prevalence of asthma had increased significantly,especially in children.The data can serve as a basis for research work concerned with mass prevention and treatment of asthma.