家庭环境与学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍的相关性

目的探讨家庭环境对学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍(DCD)的影响。方法按分层随机整群方法抽取4~6岁儿童1 727例,应用"儿童运动协调能力成套评估工具"对其进行DCD筛查;采用"城市学龄前儿童运动发育家庭环境量表"及自行设计的问卷评估儿童家庭环境状况。结果 117例儿童确诊为DCD。DCD组和正常对照组儿童在母亲文化程度、家庭结构的比较中差异有统计学意义。家庭环境因素中"让孩子管理自己的日常物品"和"包办孩子一切事务"两项得分在DCD组和正常对照组儿童之间差异有统计学意义。在控制儿童性别、年龄情况下,多因素logistic回归分析显示,"母亲文化程度""家庭结构""让孩子管理自己的日常物品"及"包办孩子一切事物"是影响儿童DCD发生的主要因素(均P0.05)。结论家庭环境对学龄前儿童DCD的发生存在影响,家长在养育孩子的过程中,不要包办孩子一切事务,应为儿童提供更多的管理自己日常生活的机会,以促进其早期运动协调能力的发展,预防DCD的发生。

Association between family environment and developmental coordination disorder in preschool children

Objective To investigate the influence of family environment on developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in preschool children. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1727 children (4-6 years old). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children was used to screen out the children with DCD. The Family Environment Scale on Motor Development for Preschool Urban Children and a self-designed questionnaire were used to assess family environment. Results A total of 117 children were confirmed with DCD. There were significant differences in mother's education level and family structure between the DCD and normal control groups. There were also significant differences in the scores of "Let children manage their daily items" and "Arrange all affairs" between the DCD and normal control groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that when children's age and gender were controlled, mother's education level, family structure, "Let children manage their daily items", and"Arrange all affairs" were main factors influencing the development of DCD in children (P<0.05). Conclusions Family environment may affect the development of DCD in preschool children. Therefore, parents should not arrange all affairs for children and should provide more opportunities for children to manage their daily life, in order to promote the development of early motor coordination and prevent the development of DCD.