间接与直接记忆测验的对比研究

目的：探讨间接记忆测验的有效性及直接和间接测验所涉及的心理过程的差异。方法：实验对象为40名大学生，24名被试参加内隐记忆测试，16名被试参加外显记忆测试，学习材料分别为30个低频双字词和30个常见实物图画，测试材料为60个词头和60幅残图(新旧各半)，测试方法为线索回忆或自由组词和残图命名。结果：无论是直接测验还是间接测验，旧项目的命中率高于新项目，旧项目的反应时短于新项目；直接测验的命中率高于间接测验，而反应时长于间接测验；不同材料的比较显示，无论是直接测验还是间接测验任务中，汉词的启动效率都要显著大于图形，而图与词间省时率的差异无显著性；直接测验和间接测验的比较显示，无论是汉词还是图形材料，启动效率与省时率差异均无显著性。结论：间接测验和直接测验涉及的心理过程不同，它们都能有效地测量不同记忆系统的功能。

A Comparative Study between Direct and Indirect Memory Tests

Objective:To explore the efficiency of indirect memory tests and the difference in underlying psychological processes between direct tests and indirect tests. Methods: Twenty-four college students were measured with the indirect memory tests including word-stem completion and picture fragment completion tasks. Other sixteen students were measured with direct memory tests including word-cued recall and picture-cued recall. Results: Pre-exposure to the stimuli (both words and pictures) in the study phase raised the proportion of hit and shortened the reaction time in the direct and indirect tests. The direct group had higher proportion of hit and longer reaction time than the indirect group. The priming rate of words was significantly larger than that of pictures in both groups, but the timesaving rate showed no significant difference between words and pictures. In the comparison between the direct and indirect tests, the priming rate and timesaving rate didn't differ in the word or picture stimuli. Conclusion: The direct tests and indirect tests were different in the underlying psychological processes,and both can measure the function of different memory systems efficiently.