体外构建组织工程角膜的研究进展

角膜移植是目前治疗角膜盲最有效的方法,但角膜供体材料不足及角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应限制了角膜移植的临床应用.构建具有良好生物相容性和正常生物学功能的组织工程角膜替代物是解决当前角膜供体不足最为有效的方法.近些年来,随着生物材料、细胞培养及组织工程技术的发展,组织工程角膜在支架材料、种子细胞及组织的三维构建等方面都取得了较大进展,部分组织工程产品及技术也已经应用于临床.人们有望通过组织工程技术构建出具有良好机械强度、透光性及生物相容性的组织工程角膜,真正解决临床上角膜供体缺乏及移植术后免疫排斥等问题.羊膜、脱细胞猪角膜基质、胶原、丝素蛋白及壳聚糖等是目前较常用的支架材料.组织工程角膜较常用的种子细胞主要有永生化和原代培养的角膜细胞、胚胎干细胞及成体多能干细胞.本文就组织工程角膜的支架材料、种子细胞及三维构建进行综述.

Advances in the construction of tissue-engineered cornea in vitro

Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness at present,but the shortage of cornea donation and graft rejection are the serious obstacles for its broad application.Construction of tissueengineered corneal substitutes with good biocompatibility and normal biological function is emerging as a potential approach to overcome the shortages of donor corneas,and which will be a potential source of corneal grafts for corneal transplantation.With the development in the technology of biomaterials,cell culture and tissue engineering,the field of corneal tissue engineering has made great strides in scaffolds,seed cells and three-dimensional reconstruction recently,and also start to be used in clinical practice.The tissue-engineered cornea with good mechanical property,light transmittance and biocompatibility may serve as an ideal candidate in the treatment of corneal diseases.Amniotic membrane,acellular porcine corneal matrix,collagen,silk fibroin,and chitosan are frequently-used scaffold for cornea tissue engineering.Currently,immortalized and primary cultured corneal cells,embryonic stem cells,and adult stem cells have been reported to be used as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered cornea.This chapter reviewed the advances made in tissue-engineered cornea,including scaffolds,seed cells,and three-dimensional reconstruction.