高血压老年患者跌倒现状及相关因素分析

目的 调查高血压老年患者跌倒现状,并分析引起跌倒产生的相关因素,为制定有针对性预防护理措施提供支撑.方法 采取便利抽样方法,选取2011年1月至2015年12月在成都市第三人民医院VIP病房住院的高血压老年患者208例为研究对象,3个月内患者是否发生跌倒为观察指标,分析引起高血压老年患者跌倒的相关因素.结果 纳入208例高血压老年患者中,有78例(37.5%)3个月内至少跌倒1次.单因素分析结果显示:性别、降压药物、步态在跌倒发生方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).进一步Logistic回归分析结果显示:使用降压药物(OR=1.236,P<0.05)以及步态不稳(OR=3.127,P<0.05)是跌倒发生的危险因素.结论 高血压老年患者跌倒发生率较高,可能与使用降压药物及步态不稳相关,有必要加强护理干预和指导,预防跌倒发生.

The Analysis of the Status Quo and Related Influence Factors of Falls in Elderly Patients with Hypertension

Objective To investigate the status quo of falls in elderly patients with hypertension,analyze its related influence factors,and provide the basis for making the targeted nursing measures.Methods 208 elderly patients with hypertension treated in The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January of 2011 to December of 2015 were selected by the convenient sampling method.The incidence of falls within 3 months was taken as the observation index to analyze the related influence factors of falls in the elderly patients with hypertension.Results 78 out of the 208 patients (37.5%)had at least one fall within 3 months.The results of the single factor analysis showed that falls were significantly correlated with gender,antihypertensive medication and gait respectively (P < 0.05 ).The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of falls included the antihypertensive medication (OR = 1.236,P < 0.05 )and the gait instability (OR=3.127,P <0.05)Conclusion The incidence of falls in elderly patients with hypertension is very high, which is correlated with the antihypertensive medication and gait instability.Therefore,the nursing intervention and guidance should be strengthened to prevent their falls.