主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣的应用解剖学

目的:为自体肺动脉瓣替换主动脉瓣提供解剖学资料。方法:采用42例成人经福尔马林固定的心脏标本,观察主、肺动脉瓣的形态和瓣膜新月区上小孔的出现率及形态,测量主、肺动脉瓣的高度、宽度和面积以及瓣膜新月区上小孔的面积,并测量主、肺动脉口的周长和面积。结果:①肺动脉瓣的大部分指标测量值的平均数略大于主动脉瓣,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);肺动脉瓣和主动脉瓣的面积之比平均为1.05:1。②各心脏主动脉口面积与主动脉瓣面积之比以及肺动脉口面积与肺动脉瓣面积之比的均数分别为1:1.58和1:1.55,而主动脉口面积与肺动脉瓣面积之比平均为1:1.67。③22例(52.38%)主动脉瓣和21例(50.00%)肺动脉瓣的新月区出现园形、椭圆形或梭形等筛状小孔。结论:自体肺动脉瓣可以替代主动脉瓣。

APPLIED ANATOMY FOR THE AORTIC VALVE AND PULMONARY VALVE

Objective: To provide anatomical basis for the replacement of aortic valve with autologous pulmonary valve. Methods: Morphological features of aortic valves and pulmonary valves, and the prevalences and forms of foramina of the crescented areas of them were observed on 42 normal hearts of adult specimens. Heights, widths, and areas of aortic valves and pulmonary valves, the areas of foramina of the crescented areas, and the perimeters and areas of aortic orifices and pulmonary orifices were measured on these hearts. Results:(1)The averages of most of the data of pulmonary valve leaflets were slightly larger than those of aortic valve leaflets, but this difference was not statistically significant P > 0.05). The average of the ratio of the area of pulmonary valves to aortic valves was 1.05:1(2)The averages of the ra-tioes of the areas of aortic valves to aortic orifice and pulmonary valves to pulmonary orifice were 1:1.58 and 1 :1.55 respectively , and the average of the ratio of the area of pulmonary valves to aortic orifice was 1:1 .67.(3)Of these 42-specimens, the crescented areas of 22 aortic valves and 21 pulmonary valves had multiple foramina. Conclusions: The autologous pulmonary valves may be used to take the place of the aoric valves.