Investigating attention in young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using change blindness and eye tracking |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ariel University, Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramat Hagolan 65, Ariel 40700, Israel;2. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;3. Laboratoire d’Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l’Ingénieur, LIMSI-CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France;1. Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;4. Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;1. Developmental Paediatrics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Developmental Paediatrics Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Paris, France;2. Œuvre de Secours aux Enfants, Paris, France;3. La Maison pour les personnes autistes du Département d’Eure et Loir, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres, France;4. Laboratoire d’Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l’Ingénieur (LIMSI), CNRS, Orsay, France;5. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de La Salpêtrière, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSocial interaction at its core entails allocating attention to relevant stimuli. As such, the perception of change requires attention, but studies have suggested that the social impairment in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs at the attentual level of "on-line" social cognition.MethodForty-four young adults—22 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 22 with typical development (TD)—participated in two experiments. The first used a change blindness (CB) paradigm where attention was investigated through the detection of changed items with central and marginal levels of interest when viewing images of everyday scenarios. Eye-tracking was used to compare response times, first fixations and total fixation time on changes. The second used social films with eye tracking of gaze fixations.ResultsParticipants with ASD were slower in response time and first fixation than were participants with TD. Participants with TD showed longer fixation on items with marginal (compared to central) levels of interest. The social-film experiment showed that participants with ASD were slower to orient their gazes towards the characters’ faces and looked at speaking characters for less time than did the group with TD. This result correlates with less use of mental verbs in their narratives and less time spent looking at marginal items in the CB experiment.ConclusionsResults suggest reduced processing speed in young adults with ASD, which is associated with enhanced processing of local details. Clinically, these results imply that teaching strategies (e.g., cognitive cues) to process social context efficiently could benefit individuals with ASD. |
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| Keywords: | Autism spectrum disorder Change blindness Eye tracking Social interaction Young adults |
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