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Multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century: evolution,advances and future opportunities for innovation
Authors:Melissa A Daubert  Tina Tailor  Olga James  Leslee J Shaw  Pamela S Douglas  Lynne Koweek
Affiliation:1.Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA;2.Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA;3.Department of Radiology, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
Abstract:Cardiovascular imaging has significantly evolved since the turn of the century. Progress in the last two decades has been marked by advances in every modality used to image the heart, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT and nuclear cardiology. There has also been a dramatic increase in hybrid and fusion modalities that leverage the unique capabilities of two imaging techniques simultaneously, as well as the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning into the clinical workflow. These advances in non-invasive cardiac imaging have guided patient management and improved clinical outcomes. The technological developments of the past 20 years have also given rise to new imaging subspecialities and increased the demand for dedicated cardiac imagers who are cross-trained in multiple modalities. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the evolution of multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century and highlights opportunities for future innovation.
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