外泌体microRNA的生物学特征及在肝纤维化发生发展中的作用

外泌体作为人体内多种细胞分泌的微型多囊泡体,存在于机体的多种体液当中,由脂质双层膜结构来保护其内含物的结构与功能稳定,携有大量microRNA(miRNA)、mRNA等活性物质。研究表明外泌体及内含物miRNA与肝纤维化的发生进展密切相关,其通过对肝星状细胞(HSC)的作用,改变HSC活化、增殖、凋亡、漂移等来调节肝纤维化的发生发展过程。通过对外泌体miRNA的生物学特点以及与肝纤维化关系的阐述,分析了其在肝纤维化发生发展、诊治及预后评估中的重要作用,指出外泌体miRNA可能成为肝纤维化诊治与预后评估的潜在新靶点。

Biological characteristics of exosome microRNA and its role in the development and progression of liver fibrosis

Exosomes,as a type of multivesicular bodies secreted by various cells in human body,exist in many kinds of body fluids in the body.Exosomes have the structure of lipid bilayer membranes to protect the structure and function stability of their contents and they carry a large number of active substances including microRNA(miRNA)and mRNA.Studies have shown that exosomes and their miRNA are closely associated with the development and progression of liver fibrosis and regulate such process by acting on hepatic stellate cells to change their activation,proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.This article elaborates on the biological characteristics of exosome miRNA and its association with liver fibrosis,analyzes its important role in the development and progression,diagnosis and treatment,and prognostic evaluation of liver fibrosis,and points out that exosome miRNA may become a new potential target for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic evaluation of liver fibrosis.