Maternal Smoking,Intrauterine Growth Restriction,and Placental Apoptosis |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Christina Vogt?IsaksenEmail author Rigmor?Austgulen Lisa?Chedwick Pal?Romundstad Lars?Vatten Catherine?Craven? |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics/National Center for Fetal Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway;(2) Department of Laboratory Medicine, Childrens and Womens Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;(3) Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;(4) Magee—Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;(5) Institute of Community Medicine and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway |
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Abstract: | Pregnant
women who smoke are at greater risk of delivering a growth-restricted infant
than nonsmoking mothers. We wanted to see if apoptosis could be involved in the
mechanisms behind smoke-induced growth restriction, and our aim was to compare
apoptosis in the placenta of smoking mothers giving birth to growth-restricted
infants and nonsmoking mothers with infants of appropriate weight. The project
was conducted at the Magee—Womens Hospital and Magee—Womens
Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA. Histological sections from 20
placentas were selected from smoking mothers who had given birth to
small-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight 2 SD). The controls
were gestational-age matched nonsmoking mothers with infants having
appropriate-for-gestational-age weight. The TUNEL method was used to
demonstrate DNA fragmentation in nuclei, and a monoclonal antibody M30,
specific for a neo-epitope on cytokeratin 18, was used to identify apoptotic
epithelial cells. The positive nuclei (TUNEL) and positive cells (M30-positive
cytoplasm) were counted blindly both in villous tissue and in decidual/basal
plate tissue. M30-positive cells in villous tissues were significantly
increased in placentas from smoking mothers compared to nonsmoking mothers.
When evaluated by the TUNEL method, the difference between the two groups of
women was not significant. Our study shows that apoptosis was increased in the
placentas of smoking mothers with growth-restricted infants. The difference
between the two groups was mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast layer and in
connection with perivillous fibrin deposition. Cigarette smoke with reduction
in blood flow has previously been shown to increase apoptosis, and it is
possible that this could be one of the mechanisms playing a role in the growth
restriction.The work was performed at Magee—Womens Hospital and
Magee—Womens Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
1;
Deceased April 1, 2003, former address: Valley View Medical Center, 595 South
75 East, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA. |
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Keywords: | apoptosis growth restriction placenta pregnancy smoking |
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