澳大利亚和新西兰成年人及儿童脑炎诊治指南解读

脑炎是由脑实质炎症引起的一种复杂的神经综合征。由于脑炎的病因多种多样、鉴别诊断复杂、病情进展迅速、常需加强支持治疗、且对多种原发病因缺乏特效治疗手段，使得脑炎的诊治成为挑战。2015年，澳大利亚感染病学会、澳大利亚急诊医学会、澳大利亚新西兰神经科医师联合会、澳大利亚公共卫生学会联合制定了澳大利亚和新西兰成年人及儿童脑炎诊治指南，这是迄今为止最新的关于脑炎诊治的区域性专家共识。该指南在欧美指南的基础上，综合了近年来脑炎研究的最新进展，在脑炎的流行病学、病因学、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及综合管理方面进行了系统的阐述。我们在此对该指南予以解读，以期为中国医师诊治脑炎提供参考。

Interpretation of consensus guidelines for investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand

Encephalitis is a complex neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the brain parenchyma. Due to the variety of causes， broad differential diagnosis， rapid progression of the disease， frequent need of intensive supportive management， and the lack of effective therapeutic means of a variety of primary causes， the diagnosis and treatment of encephalitis are still huge challenges. In 2015， Australian Society of Infectious Diseases(ASID)， Australasian College of Emergency Medicine (ACEM)， Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists (ANZAN) and Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA) jointly formulated consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand， this is by far the latest regional expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of encephalitis. This guideline was established based on the previous European and American guidelines of encephalitis and integrated the latest progresses of encephalitis in recent years， the epidemiology， etiology， diagnosis， differential diagnosis， treatment and comprehensive management of encephalitis were illustrated systematically. We are here to interpret the guidelines， in order to provide references to Chinese doctors for management of encephalitis more better.