维持性血液透析患者营养状态的分析及护理

目的 分析维持性血液透析患者的营养状态及其影响因素，探讨护理措施。方法 自行设计问卷，调查55例长期透析患者外观、人体学测量及生化检查结果，与正常值进行对比；并对比各种因素对患者营养参数的影响。结果 血透患者各种营养参数均明显低于正常值，主要营养物质摄人低于推荐的需要量。膳食摄人，促红细胞生成素使用，透析膜的选择，透析是否充分等均影响患者的营养情况。结论 绝大部分血透患者存在营养不良，护士针对各影响因素指导患者合理的饮食方案，合理安排透析间隔时间，应用促红细胞生成素改善贫血状况。

Analysis of nutritional status of the maintenance hemodialysis patients and nursing strategy

Objective To analyze the nutritional status and influential factors of the maintenance hemodialysis patients and explore nursing measures. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 55 maintenance hemodialysis patients about their exteriors, physical checkup and results of biochemistry measurements, which were compared to those relevant standards. Results Several nutrition indicators in the maintenance hemodialysis patients were lower than that of norms and the intake of main nutrients was lower than what is suggested. The intake from diets, application of erythropoiesis stimulating factor, the selection of dialytic membrane and the adequate dialysis all rendered influence on their nutrition. Conclusion Most dialysis patients have frequent malnutrition, and nurses should instruct reasonable diet project, arrange proper internal time, use erythropoiesis stimulating factor to improve patients' nutrition.