Intracellular localization and cellular factors interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax proteins: similarities and functional differences |
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| Authors: | Bertazzoni Umberto Turci Marco Avesani Francesca Di Gennaro Gianfranco Bidoia Carlo Romanelli Maria Grazia |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy. umberto.bertazzoni@univr.it |
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| Abstract: | Human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) present very similar genomic structures but HTLV-1 is more pathogenic than HTLV-2. Is this difference due to their transactivating Tax proteins, Tax-1 and Tax-2, which are responsible for viral and cellular gene activation? Do Tax-1 and Tax-2 differ in their cellular localization and in their interaction pattern with cellular factors? In this review, we summarize Tax-1 and Tax-2 structural and phenotypic properties, their interaction with factors involved in signal transduction and their localization-related behavior within the cell. Special attention will be given to the distinctions between Tax-1 and Tax-2 that likely play an important role in their transactivation activity. |
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| Keywords: | HTLV Tax-1 Tax-2 signal transduction cellular localization post-translational modifications NF-κB PDZ binding motif |
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