产后抑郁症的心理因素分析及预防对策研究

目的分析产后抑郁症发病的心理因素,并探讨相应的对策。方法对820例孕妇于妊娠36~38周施测艾森克个性量表(EPQ)及焦虑、抑郁情绪测定量表(HAD),在产后4~6周施测爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)。结果产后抑郁症患者在EPQ的N量表和P量表上的评分均显著高于无产后抑郁症产妇,在L量表上的评分则显著低于后者,两者在E量表上的评分无显著差异。孕期有焦虑、抑郁情绪的产妇产后抑郁症的发病率显著高于孕期无焦虑、抑郁情绪的产妇(2χ=21.43,26.39,P<0.005)。结论产妇产后抑郁症的发生既有其心理根源,也与其孕期的焦虑抑郁情绪有密切的关系。加强孕期保健、采取及时筛查与干预措施是预防产后抑郁症的关键。

Psychological Factor Analysis and Preventing Countermeasures Study of Postpartum Depression

Objective To analyze the psychological factor of postpartum depression and explore the corresponding countermeasures.Methods In our research,820 pregnant women were asked to complete the questionnaires of EPQ and HAD after 36-38 weeks of pregnancy and complete the questionnaires of EPDS at 4-6 weeks of postpartum.Results PPD women had higher N and P scores and lower L scores of EPQ than those of non-PPD women.There were no differences between them on E scores.The incidence of postpartum depression among the pregnant women who had prenatal anxiety and depression was significantly higher than those who had not（χ2=21.43,26.39,P0.005）.Conclusion Psychological personality plays an important role in PPD.Prenatal anxiety and depression were high risk factors for PPD.Reinforcing antenatal care and adopting intervening measure in time are both the key point to prevent PPD.