少、弱精子症精液pH值和精子形态的改变及其临床意义

目的探讨少、弱精子症pH值和精子形态的改变及临床意义。方法对男性不育患者204例（少精症组108例、弱精症组96例）和健康检查对照组119例，在不同pH值范围内进行精子形态检测，并计算精子畸形率。结果①当pH值在正常范围时，健康对照组人数分布最多，少精症组和弱精症组患者在pH〈7．2时分布较多，在pH〉7．6时3组均分布较少；②少精症组和弱精症组分别与对照组相比，精子畸形率均比对照组明显增高（P〈0．01）；在pH值正常或偏碱性时，精子畸形率明显降低，当pH〉7．6和7．2≤pH≤7．6时3组的精子畸形率均比pH〈7．2时减少，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论精子形态异常有可能是影响少、弱精症患者不育的重要原因之一，而pH值降低则可能是精子畸形率增高的重要原因。

Changes of Sperm pH and Sperm Morphology in Oligospermia and Asthenospermia and Its Clinical Significance

[ Objective ] To explore the changes of sperm pH and sperm morphology in oligospermia and asthenospermia and its clinical significance. [ Methods]204 cases of male infertility （108 cases of oligospermia and 96 cases of asthenospermia） and 119 cases of healthy controls were collected, the sperm morphology was tested at different pH levels, and the sperm abnormal rate was calculated. [ Results ] （1）When pH was in normal limits, there was largest number of patients in the control group. The number of patients in the oligospermia group and the asthenospermia group was larger when pH 〈 7.2, and the number of patients in three groups was small when pH 〉 7.6. （2）The sperm abnormal rates of the oligospermia group and the asthenospermia group were significantly higher than that of the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. While pH was in normal limits or at slightly alkaline level, the sperm abnormal rate decreased significantly. When pH 〉 7.6 and 7.2 〈 pH 〈 7.6, the sperm abnormal rates of three groups were significantly lower than pH 〈 7.2 （ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The abnormality of sperm morphology may be an important factor of infertility of patients with oligospermia and asthenospermia, and lower pH may be the important cause of increasing sperm abnormal rate.