女大学生参与有氧运动前后的体质变化

背景:有氧健身运动已成时尚健身运动的主题,了解和掌握有氧运动对健身者体质的影响,对指导健身实践有着现实的意义。目的:观察有氧运动对女大学生身体成分、心肺功能、身体形态的影响。设计:非随机化同期对照实验。单位:中华女子学院。对象:实验于2003-05/2004-10进行。随机抽取中华女子学院及北京市其他三所高校体育公选课的女大学生100名为有氧运动组,另外以同年龄段的其他未经过系统有氧训练的100名女大学生为对照组。方法:①有氧运动组课程内容以健美操、体育舞蹈、太极拳等有氧运动为主,每次锻炼包括准备活动5～15min,有氧运动30～45min(运动时靶心率(75%最大心率)至少持续15min),放松整理活动15～20min,每次锻炼时间为60min,每周训练2次,训练时间在晚饭前2.5h进行,持续1.5年。②对照组不干预,但要求尽量与对照组保持相同的饮食结构和作息时间。主要观察指标:①身体形态指标:身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围。②皮褶厚度、体脂百分比和瘦体质量。③肺活量、每分最大自主通气量、每博输出量、心输出量、射血分数、心率、射血时间、平均心缩射血速率、左心室周径缩短率。结果:200名全部完成测试今年如结果分析。①训练后有氧运动组腰围小于对照组,胸围和臀围大于对照组(P<0.05),腰臀比小于对照组(6.50±10.48,70.39±11.24,P<0.05),体质量指数2组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②训练后有氧运动组臀部、肩胛部、胸部、腹部和大小腿皮褶厚度均小于对照组(P<0.05～0.005);体脂百分比也显著小于对照组[(20.5±3.45)%,(26.5±4.58)%,P<0.005];瘦体质量大于对照组[(41.8±9.86),(36.9±8.69)kg,P<0.01]。③训练后有氧运动组肺活量、每分最大自主通气量、每博输出量、平均心缩射血速率和左心室周径缩短率均大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:①有氧运动能够有效地改善女大学生的身体形态,使三围的比例更加协调。②有氧运动能够有效地减少女大学生的体内脂肪的含量,增加瘦体质量。③有氧运动能有效地提高女大学生的肺活量和肺通气量以及心脏的泵血和收缩等功能。

Changes in the constitution of female college students before and after the aerobic exercise

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, aerobic exercise has been a theme of mod ern body-building. Therefore, there are practical significance of under standing and mastering the effect of aerobic exercise on the constitution of body builder in instructing body-building practice. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of aerobic exercise on body composi tion, cardiore spiratory function and body figure of female college students. DESIGN: Non-randomized concurrent control experiment. SETTING: China Female College. PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted from May 2003 to Oc tober 2004. 100 female college students were randomly selected from Chi na Female College and other three colleges and taken as the aerobic exer cise group. Another 100 female college students of the same age without systematic aerobic exercise were taken as the control group. METHODS: ①The course for aerobic exercise group were mainly aero bics, ballroom dancing and hexagram boxing, including 5-15 minutes of warming up, 30-45 minutes of aerobic exercise [the target heart rate in (75% maximal heart rate) exercise lasted for at least 15 minutes] and 15-20 minutes of cooling down, which were conducted for 60 minutes each time and twice a week. The exercise should be performed at 2.5 hours before supper for 1.5 years.②Subjects in the control group were not inter fered but kept in same diet and resting time as the aerobic exercise group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Body figure indexes: body height, body mass, chest circumference, waistline, hip circumferences.②Skinfold thickness, fat mass index and lean body mass. ③ Lung capacity, maximal breathing capacity in each minute, stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, heart rate, ejection time, mean normalized systolic ejection rate (MNSER) and left velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (LVCf). RESULTS: A total of 200 subjects, who had accomplished all tests were involved in the analysis of results. ①The waistline was smaller after exer cise in the aerobic exercise group than that in the control group, while the chest circumference and hip circumferences were bigger than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), and the waist-to-hip ratio was smaller than that in the control group (6.50±10.48, 70.39±11.24, P ＜ 0.05). There was no sig nificant difference in body mass index between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). ②The skinfold thickness in rump, scapular region, thoracic region, abdom inal region as well as femoral region and region of shank were smaller after exercise in the aerobic exercise group than those in the control group (P＜0.05-0.005), and the body fat percentage was significantly smaller than that in the control group [(20.5±3.45)%, (26.5±4.58)%,P ＜ 0.005]. However, the lean body mass in the aerobic exercise group was greater than that in the control group [(41.8±9.86), (36.9±8.69) kg,P ＜ 0.01].③ After exercise, the lung capacity, maximal breathing capacity in each min utes, stroke volume, MNSER and LVCf in the aerobic exercise group were remarkably greater than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: ①Aerobic exercise can effectively ameliorate the body figure of female college students and coordinate three measurements with each other.②Aerobic exercise can greatly reduce the in vivo fat contents of female students and increase their lean body mass. ③Aerobic exercise can remarkably enhance the lung capacity, pulmonary ventilation volume as well as cardiac functions of blood-pumping and contraction etc. In female college students.